India and UK Sign Landmark Free Trade Agreement

24 July, 2025

India and the United Kingdom have signed a historic Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) to boost their economies. The deal, formalised during PM Modi's visit to the UK, will eliminate tariffs on 99% of Indian exports, including textiles and agricultural products, while reducing duties on British cars and Scotch whisky. The pact aims to double the nearly $56 billion bilateral trade by 2030, create jobs, and facilitate greater mobility for Indian professionals in the UK.

Unpacked:

What are the main sectors expected to benefit from the India-UK Free Trade Agreement?

Key sectors expected to benefit include textiles, leather goods, electronics, software, automotive components, and agricultural products. The agreement will also boost exports of British cars, whisky, and various UK-made goods, while Indian products such as textiles, generic drugs, and food items will gain easier access to the UK market.

How will the FTA impact tariffs on major products between the two nations?

India will cut tariffs on 90% of UK products, notably reducing duties on British cars and halving Scotch whisky tariffs initially, with further reductions over a decade. The UK will eliminate duties on 99% of Indian exports, including textiles, leather goods, and pharmaceuticals, making Indian products more competitive in the UK.

What is the significance of the “UK-India Vision 2035” announced alongside the FTA?

The 'UK-India Vision 2035' is a strategic roadmap to deepen cooperation beyond trade, focusing on defense, technology, and climate action. It aims to enhance collaboration in innovation, security, and sustainability, reflecting a broader and long-term partnership between the two countries.

How does this FTA compare to previous trade agreements signed by the UK and India?

This is the UK's most comprehensive trade deal since Brexit and India's first such agreement with a European country. It covers goods, services, digital trade, intellectual property, and regulatory standards, setting a benchmark for future agreements and marking a new era in both nations’ trade policies.