India Marks 50th Anniversary of Emergency with Calls to Uphold Democracy
India commemorated the 50th anniversary of the 1975 Emergency, a period described by Prime Minister Narendra Modi as one of the "darkest chapters" in India's democratic history. The BJP observed it as 'Samvidhan Hatya Diwas' (Constitution Murder Day). Political leaders emphasized the importance of safeguarding constitutional rights and democratic principles, recalling the suspension of fundamental rights and suppression of dissent during that time.
Unpacked:
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi cited internal disturbances and threats to national security as reasons for the Emergency, following a court judgment nullifying her election. The government also claimed that opposition leaders were inciting unrest, justifying suspension of civil liberties and fundamental rights.
The Emergency led to widespread suppression of dissent, press censorship, and imprisonment of political opponents. Fundamental rights were suspended, and governance shifted toward centralized authority, marking a significant challenge to democratic principles and constitutional rights.
The Emergency remains a symbol of authoritarian overreach and a reminder of the fragility of democracy. It is invoked by parties like the BJP to contrast with their own commitment to constitutional values, while others see it as a cautionary tale against concentrating power.
Post-Emergency, constitutional amendments and legal reforms reinforced checks on executive power. Public awareness and judicial oversight increased, yet debates continue about the adequacy of safeguards against misuse of emergency provisions.