Israel and Iran Exchange Heavy Fire; Regional Tensions Soar

15 June, 2025

Hostilities between Israel and Iran surged as Israel launched extensive assaults on Iranian military targets, including its Defence Ministry HQ and nuclear research facility SPND. Iran retaliated with missile strikes on Israeli energy infrastructure, reportedly causing fatalities in Galilee. Air raid sirens blared across Israeli cities. The escalating conflict, following Israel's "Operation Rising Lion," has heightened fears of a wider war in the Middle East, with planned US-Iran nuclear talks now cancelled.

Unpacked:

What triggered Israel’s decision to launch Operation Rising Lion against Iran?

Operation Rising Lion was launched by Israel in response to what it termed the “Iranian threat to Israeli survival,” focusing on Iran’s nuclear program and military capabilities. The operation aimed to prevent Tehran from developing an atomic weapon and followed heightened tensions, covert attacks, and escalating threats between the two countries.

How significant were the casualties and damage from the Israeli strikes on Iran?

The Israeli strikes caused significant casualties and damage, including the deaths of top Iranian military leaders, such as IRGC commander Hossein Salami and Armed Forces Chief of Staff Mohammad Bagheri, as well as prominent nuclear scientists. Civilians, including 20 children, were also killed, and key nuclear and military sites across multiple Iranian cities suffered extensive damage.

What are the broader regional and global implications of this escalation?

A full-scale Israel-Iran conflict could destabilize the entire Middle East, drawing in regional actors and potentially disrupting global energy markets. The escalation undermines regional deterrence norms, complicates U.S. and Arab states' positions, and could lead to further militarization and proxy conflicts, heightening the risk of a wider war with global consequences.

Why were the planned US-Iran nuclear talks cancelled, and what impact does this have?

The nuclear talks were cancelled due to the direct military confrontation, making diplomatic engagement untenable. This setback increases the risk of nuclear proliferation, removes a diplomatic channel for de-escalation, and reduces prospects for future negotiations, further contributing to regional instability and international concern.