India Thwarts Pakistani Missile Attack During "Operation Sindoor"; Golden Temple Targeted

19 May, 2025

India's S-400 missile defence system successfully intercepted an alleged nuclear-capable Shaheen missile fired by Pakistan during "Operation Sindoor." The Indian Army also revealed that its Air Defence systems, including AKASH missiles and L-70 guns, foiled Pakistani attempts to target the Golden Temple in Amritsar and other Punjab cities with missiles and drones, safeguarding key national and religious sites.

Unpacked:

What sparked Operation Sindoor and the missile exchange between India and Pakistan?

The missile exchange followed Indian armed forces' precision strikes against four terrorist camps in Pakistan and five in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir. Pakistan's subsequent attempted missile attack appears to have been a retaliatory response to these strikes, escalating tensions between the two countries.

How effective is the S-400 missile system compared to other Indian air defense systems like AKASH and L-70?

The S-400 is considered India’s most advanced air defense system, capable of targeting aircraft, drones, and ballistic missiles up to 400 km away. In contrast, AKASH has a shorter range (up to 25 km), and L-70 guns are primarily for low-altitude, close-range defense. The S-400 forms the top layer of India's multi-tiered air defense.

Why is the Golden Temple in Amritsar a significant target, and what would be the implications of an attack there?

The Golden Temple is the holiest site for Sikhs and a symbol of religious harmony in India. An attack would have severe consequences, fueling communal tensions, damaging India’s global image, and escalating military and diplomatic conflict between India and Pakistan.

What are the broader strategic and diplomatic implications of India’s deployment of the S-400 system?

India’s S-400 deployment enhances its deterrence against aerial threats from Pakistan and China, strengthening its defense posture. The purchase from Russia also strained India’s relations with the US, which threatened sanctions, highlighting India’s pursuit of strategic autonomy in its defense procurement.