Karnataka High Court Seeks Centre's Reply on Challenge to New Online Gaming Act

30 August, 2025

The Karnataka High Court has asked the Union government to respond to a petition challenging the new Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025. Petitioners argue the law was enacted without consultation and threatens the livelihoods of over two lakh employees in the sector. They contend that a blanket ban on skill-based games involving stakes is unconstitutional and violates the fundamental right to trade. The court will hear arguments for an interim stay on the Act's implementation.

Unpacked:

What specific aspects of the Act are being challenged as unconstitutional?

Petitioners argue that the Act's blanket ban on skill-based games involving stakes infringes on the constitutional right to trade and occupation. They also claim the law was enacted without stakeholder consultation, violating principles of due process and potentially overreaching legislative powers.

How does the Act distinguish between ‘games of skill’ and ‘games of chance’?

The Act exempts 'games of skill'—defined as those where outcomes depend on players' expertise, knowledge, or training—from the ban, while prohibiting 'games of chance,' where outcomes are primarily determined by luck or randomness. A state authority is empowered to decide which games qualify as skill-based.

What impact might the Act have on the online gaming industry and its employees in Karnataka?

If implemented, the Act could significantly restrict or shut down platforms offering games classified as chance-based, threatening the livelihoods of over 200,000 employees in the sector. Only licensed platforms offering skill-based games may continue operations, subject to strict regulations and compliance.

Have similar laws been enacted in other Indian states, and what has been their outcome?

Tamil Nadu and Nagaland have enacted similar laws: Tamil Nadu's strict regulations are facing judicial scrutiny for potential overreach, while Nagaland's model allows licensed skill-based games but bans chance-based formats. Outcomes vary, with courts sometimes striking down blanket bans as unconstitutional.