GST Council to Meet in September to Discuss Major Tax Reforms

22 August, 2025

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council will hold a two-day meeting on September 3-4 in New Delhi to deliberate on key reforms. The agenda is expected to include a proposal to simplify the tax structure by reducing the slabs from four to two (5% and 18%), with a special 40% rate for select demerit goods. Discussions may also cover GST exemptions for health and life insurance. Opposition-ruled states have raised concerns about potential revenue shortfalls from the proposed changes.

Unpacked:

What is the current GST slab structure, and how would the proposed two-slab system change it?

Currently, GST has four main slabs: 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%. The proposed reform would reduce this to two slabs—5% and 18%—with a special 40% rate for certain demerit goods, aiming to simplify the tax structure and compliance.

Why are opposition-ruled states concerned about revenue shortfalls from the proposed GST changes?

Opposition-ruled states worry that reducing the number of slabs, especially eliminating higher rates, could lower their tax collections. They rely on higher GST rates for significant revenues and fear simplification may reduce fiscal autonomy and funds needed for state programs.

What are 'demerit goods,' and why is a 40% GST rate being considered for them?

Demerit goods are products considered harmful, such as tobacco, luxury cars, or sugary drinks. A 40% GST rate is proposed to discourage consumption and generate revenue, offsetting losses from lowering other GST rates.

What potential impact could GST exemptions for health and life insurance have?

Exempting health and life insurance from GST could make insurance more affordable, potentially increasing coverage among citizens. However, it may reduce government tax revenue from these sectors.