India's Second Astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla Honoured After ISS Mission

18 August, 2025

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, the second Indian citizen to travel to space and the first to visit the International Space Station (ISS), met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi after his return to India. Shukla was part of the commercial Axiom-4 mission, during which he spent 18 days in orbit and conducted over 60 scientific experiments. His successful mission is a significant milestone for India's space program, providing valuable insights for future endeavors like the Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission.

Unpacked:

What scientific experiments did Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla conduct on the ISS?

Shukla conducted over 60 experiments in microgravity, focusing on muscle regeneration, algal and microbial growth, crop viability, microbial survivability, cognitive performance, and the behavior of cyanobacteria. These studies aim to deepen global understanding of human spaceflight and microgravity science, crucial for future missions.

How does Shukla's mission contribute to India's future space program, especially Gaganyaan?

Shukla’s experience and data from the ISS mission are vital for India’s upcoming human spaceflight initiatives like Gaganyaan. His work provides technical insights and operational know-how, helping India prepare for independent crewed missions and the development of its own space station.

Who was the first Indian citizen to travel to space before Shukla, and what was their mission?

The first Indian to travel to space was IAF Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, who flew aboard the Soviet spacecraft Soyuz T-11 in 1984. He spent eight days on the Salyut 7 space station, marking India’s debut in human spaceflight.

What was the cost of Shukla’s participation in the Axiom-4 mission, and why was it considered justified?

India reportedly paid about ₹548 crore (US$65 million) for Shukla's seat on Axiom-4. Officials justified the expense due to the training benefits, international collaboration, and valuable experience for developing indigenous human spaceflight capabilities.