Odisha and Chhattisgarh Agree to Amicably Resolve Mahanadi Water Dispute

2 August, 2025

In a significant breakthrough, the state governments of Odisha and Chhattisgarh have expressed their willingness to amicably resolve the long-standing dispute over sharing Mahanadi river water. Both states informed the Mahanadi Water Disputes Tribunal of their intent to pursue a negotiated settlement. The tribunal has granted them more time, scheduling the next hearing for September 6. This move towards dialogue could end years of legal battles over a vital resource that impacts millions of people in both states.

Unpacked:

What is the root cause of the Mahanadi river water dispute between Odisha and Chhattisgarh?

The dispute centers on Chhattisgarh, the upstream state, constructing dams and barrages on the Mahanadi, which Odisha (downstream) claims reduces water flow into its territory, especially affecting the Hirakud dam and water availability during non-monsoon seasons. Chhattisgarh maintains it has the right to use water within its borders.

Why is resolving the Mahanadi water dispute significant for both states?

The Mahanadi river is a crucial water source for millions in Odisha and Chhattisgarh, supporting agriculture, industry, and drinking water needs. Ongoing disputes have affected development and cooperation between the states, making resolution vital for regional stability, economic growth, and water security.

What role has the Mahanadi Water Disputes Tribunal played so far?

The Tribunal was established to adjudicate the dispute after prolonged legal and political battles. It has facilitated hearings, collected evidence, and encouraged negotiations, recently granting both states more time to attempt a negotiated settlement before issuing a binding decision.

What are some previous attempts or proposals to resolve the Mahanadi water conflict?

Past efforts included forming a Joint Control Board in the 1980s and various official and political negotiations, but these failed to yield a lasting agreement. Both states have also proposed building barrages and dams, sometimes escalating tensions rather than resolving them.